Mesh improvement by minimizing a weighted sum of squared element volumes

We describe a new mesh smoothing method that consists of minimizing the sum of squared element volumes over the free vertex positions. To the extent permitted by the fixed vertices and mesh topology, the resulting mesh elements have uniformly distributed volumes. In the case of a triangulation, uniform volume implies well-shaped triangles. If a graded mesh is required, the element volumes may be weighted by centroidal values of a sizing function, resulting in a mesh that conforms to the required vertex density. The method has both a local and a global implementation. In addition to smoothing, the method serves as a simple parameterfree means of untangling a mesh with inverted elements. It applies to all types of meshes, but we present test results here only for planar triangle meshes. Our test results show the new method to be fast, superior in uniformity or conformity to a sizing function, and among the best methods in terms of triangle shape quality. We also present a new angle-based method that is simpler and more effective than alternatives. This method is directly aimed at producing well-shaped triangles, and is particularly effective when combined with the volume-based method. It also generalizes to anisotropic mesh smoothing. Copyright c © 0000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.